As much as guns and warships, maps have been the weapons of imperialism. Insofar as maps were used in colonial promotion, and lands claimed on paper before they were effectively occupied, maps anticipated empire. Surveyors marched alongside soldiers, initially mapping for reconnaissance, then for general information, and eventually as a tool of pacification, civilization, and exploitation in the defined colonies — J.B. Harley 1988 Cartography has, historically, been an apparatus of the state to claim (Rohrer 2018), “[enclose], capture, and … procedurally conscript” (Byrd 2015) land and bodies to delineate territory. These maps have outlined, categorized, and brought into coherence non-white populations with resource extraction at the heart of…